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Back pain in the lumbar region

Any pain is a sign of problems in the body.Back pain occurs as a reflex symptom of diseases of internal systems and individual organs, mainly with degenerative-dystrophic musculoskeletal changes.Back pain can be a reason to consult a neurologist, orthopedic surgeon, vertebrologist, gastroenterologist, urologist and gynecologist.

Back pain in the lumbar region of a woman

Grief pain - discord

In addition to injuries resulting from injuries, possible causes of low back pain may include the following diseases:

  • spine;
  • internal organs of the pelvis and gastrointestinal tract;
  • muscles.

Lower back pain varies significantly in intensity and duration and can be:

  • sharp and painful;
  • permanent or periodic;
  • localized in one point, for example, on the right or left, or in movement when the pain is the result of a projection of the pathology of the peritoneal and pelvic organs.

What could it be?

To make a diagnosis it is necessary to determine the nature, location and frequency of the pain, measure the temperature (high temperature indicates the presence of inflammation and/or infection), analyze the symptoms associated with the disease (vomiting, tongue mucosa, diarrhea, redness or rash) and consult a doctor.

Note!The higher the temperature, the more likely the cause of the pain is contagious, for example with shingles, which is characterized by shooting pain in the lower back and characteristic rashes.

After a conversation with the patient and his external examination to confirm the diagnosis, if necessary, the doctor may prescribe blood and urine tests, as well as:

  • computed tomography;
  • MRI;
  • ultrasound examination of internal organs;
  • X-rays

1. Spine problems

Spinal problems, characterized by chronic low back pain, are accompanied by limited mobility from several hours to several weeks and no increase in temperature.The best known lumbar pain syndromes are:

  • radiculitis- damage to the nerve roots of the spinal cord, often inflammatory in nature.Mainly the cords formed by the roots and located between the vertebrae suffer.Very often it does not have an acute onset.It may be a secondary symptom of another disease, such as osteochondrosis or spinal tuberculosis;
  • lumbago (low back pain)- a sudden and sharp attack of pain when lifting something heavy, with uncomfortable movement or hypothermia.Accompanied by stiffness and constant tension in the lumbar muscles for a long time.It can be a consequence of several diseases, in addition to osteochondrosis, for example, displacement of the intervertebral discs in the lumbar region;
  • sciatica (inflammation, compression of the sciatic nerve).Paroxysmal pain in the lower back often moves to the sacrum and back of the legs.In women it may be a consequence of chronic inflammation of the appendages.

Note!When the nerve roots of the spinal cord are damaged, pain from the lower back may spread to one or both legs, accompanied by sensations of numbness and “pins and needles.”

The most common diseases that cause low back pain are:

  1. Lumbar osteochondrosis, which is manifested by loosening of the cartilage and bone tissue of the joints with the involvement of nerves in the pathogenesis and pain due to pinching of the nerve roots extending from the spinal cord.
  2. Spondylosis- dystrophic change (gradual thinning) of the lumbar vertebrae, weakening of ligaments and bone growth, narrowing of the spinal canal.As a result, the bony growths begin to compress the nerve roots, causing aching pain, which may be accompanied by a feeling of weakness and numbness in the legs.It can lead to displacement of the vertebrae.Displacement of the vertebrae and intervertebral discs in the lumbar region can cause pathology of the vertebrae located below and disrupt the functioning of the rectum and bladder.
  3. Ankylosing spondylitisit affects the intervertebral joints responsible for the mobility of the spine or the synovial joints.It manifests itself as pain in the joints and spine, damage to the eyes, proliferation of the connective tissue of the spinal joints, stiffness and complete loss of mobility of the lumbar joints.
  4. Overhang(protrusion of the intervertebral cartilage without violating its integrity), and therefore intervertebral disc herniation (protrusion with violation of the integrity of the cartilage, compression of the nerve roots), resulting in loss of joint function.Lower back pain can radiate to the legs.
  5. Narrowing of the spinal canal (stenosis)due to chronic inflammation, it can lead to compression of the nerves and spinal cord that pass through it.The disease is accompanied by back pain and cramps that appear after long walks and spinal claudication syndrome.When sitting or lying down the pain subsides, but when physical activity resumes it intensifies again.
  6. Scoliosis (curvature of the spine).In complicated cases, with a protective spasm of the back muscles against the background of spinal osteochondrosis with intervertebral disc herniation in the lumbar region, pain in the lumbar region may occur.

Good to know!When the vertebrae are displaced, it is important to determine the cause of the problem: as a result of injury or as a result of degenerative processes.In the second case, regular adjustment of the vertebrae with the help of a chiropractor can aggravate the situation, leading to the final destruction of the vertebral processes and compression of the nerves.

Low back pain can be caused by chronic non-infectious inflammation of the joints involving ligaments, muscles and spinal cartilage in the pathogenesis due to autoimmune processes.

2. Infections, myositis, tumors

The lower back is the most massive part of the spine, subjected to the maximum loads.Inflammatory processes in this area are accompanied by bone pain, fatigue, headache, limited mobility and fever.

It can be caused by infectious diseases that affect the vertebrae and intervertebral discs (tuberculosis, epidural abscess, etc.);

Sharp spasmodic pain in the lower back when bending occurs during stretching or inflammation (myositis) of muscles and ligaments, due to hypothermia, excessive physical exertion.They appear suddenly and remain at rest;they can spread to the sacrum and back of the legs, making it difficult to bend and turn from side to side.

Low back pain can also be a consequence of a tumor in the vertebrae, spinal cord, nerve fibers or in the retroperitoneal space.

3. Internal organ problems

Pathologies of the internal organs often manifest themselves as lower back pain of a waist nature, which indicates extensive damage to the nerve fibers.

Among the main diseases of internal organs, characterized by pain in the lower back:

  • pancreatitis (inflammation of the pancreas).Pain in the lower back is sharp, often encompassing in nature, and/or in the upper abdomen.Possible repeated vomiting, diarrhea, coating on the tongue, decreased blood pressure;
  • other pathologies of the gastrointestinal tract (intestinal obstruction or inflammation, ulcerative colitis).With appendicitis with atypical course, nagging pain in the lower back may be accompanied by a single vomiting;
  • inflammatory kidney disease.Pain in the lower back is annoying, aching - with inflammation of the kidneys (pyelonephritis), sharp, cramping - with renal colic (due to the movement of a stone from the renal pelvis to the ureter).With lower back pain, an additional sign of kidney or bladder disease will be frequent urination.Urine is cloudy, sometimes mixed with blood.Possible fever, weakness, chills, headache, swelling, difficulty urinating;
  • inflammation of the reproductive system.It hurts in the lower abdomen (with inflammation of the appendages in women), in the anus (with prostatitis in men) and radiates to the lower back.The pain is accompanied by general intoxication (weakness, headache, fever), spotting (in women).

Also, pain can radiate to the lumbar region due to adhesions (scars) formed after operations, as well as circulatory disorders of the spinal cord (can lead to a stroke) or metabolism (gout).

Low back pain and pregnancy

Pregnancy aggravates the manifestations of diseases existing in the mother's body.Due to changes in hormone levels and increased stress, pathologies appear especially in the second half of pregnancy.In addition to the pain that accompanies the threat of premature birth, the cause of back pain in a pregnant woman can be:

  • intervertebral disc herniation;
  • radiculitis;
  • pancreatitis;
  • pyelonephritis;
  • urolithiasis (kidney stones).

Back pain can indicate spinal problems and can also be a symptom of a urological, gynecological or gastroenterological disease.Most often they appear when the spinal nerves are irritated and the nerve roots are pinched.In order not to aggravate the situation, to establish an accurate diagnosis and prescribe effective treatment, it is necessary to contact a therapist, who will determine the area of \u200b\u200bpathology and direct to the appropriate specialist for treatment.